St. Andrews Castle, located on a rocky promontory overlooking the North Sea, has been a fortress, a bishop’s palace, and a state prison throughout its 450-year history. Originally constructed in the 12th century, it was home to the powerful bishops of St. Andrews, who were key figures in the medieval Scottish church. The castle played a pivotal role during the Scottish Reformation, including being the site of the assassination of Cardinal David Beaton in 1546, and it was later besieged during this tumultuous time in Scotland’s religious history. Visitors can explore unique features like the bottle dungeon, a notorious medieval prison, and the mine and countermine, which were used during the siege of the castle in the 16th century.
The castle is now managed by Historic Environment Scotland and offers a visitor center with historical displays and exhibits. Be sure to take in the breathtaking sea views from the castle grounds as well!